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An individual financial conflict of interest (COI) occurs when a person’s personal financial interests potentially influence their professional actions or decisions. For example, if a researcher has a significant investment in a pharmaceutical company, and they’re conducting a study on a drug produced by that same company, this could lead to a COI. The researcher’s personal financial gains might sway them to present the drug in a favorable light, even if the data doesn’t fully support it. Such conflicts can compromise the integrity of research or professional judgment, making transparency and disclosure essential to maintain trust and objectivity.