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A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch (a king or queen) serves as the head of state within the parameters of a constitution. Unlike an absolute monarchy, where the monarch has unchecked power, a constitutional monarchy restricts the monarch's authority through a set of laws or a constitution. Here are key points defining a constitutional monarchy:

1. Monarch as Head of State: In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch is the symbolic head of state. However, their powers are limited by the constitution, and they often act as a ceremonial figure without direct involvement in day-to-day governance.
2. Constitutional Limitations: The powers of the monarch are clearly defined by a constitution or a set of laws. This legal framework outlines the rights and responsibilities of the monarch, as well as the rights and freedoms of the citizens. Separation of Powers: Constitutional monarchies typically involve a separation of powers between the monarch and other branches of government, such as the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This division helps prevent any one entity from accumulating excessive power.
3. Role of Parliament: The real political power is vested in an elected parliament or legislative body. The government is usually run by elected officials, and the monarch's role is often symbolic or ceremonial. The head of government is typically a prime minister or equivalent.
4. Citizen Rights and Liberties: Constitutional monarchies often guarantee individual rights and liberties to citizens through constitutional provisions. These rights can include freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, and they are protected by the legal framework established by the constitution.
5. Stability and Continuity: The monarchy provides a sense of continuity and stability, as the monarch's position is often hereditary. However, the real political power lies with elected representatives, ensuring a balance between tradition and democratic governance.
6. Evolution of Monarchy: Constitutional monarchies may evolve over time, with changes to the constitution reflecting societal and political developments. Some constitutional monarchies have transitioned from absolute monarchies, adapting to modern principles of democracy.
7. Examples of Constitutional Monarchies: Examples of constitutional monarchies include the United Kingdom, Japan, Sweden, Canada, and many other countries where a monarch coexists with a parliamentary system of government.

In summary, a constitutional monarchy is a political system that combines a hereditary monarch with a constitution that outlines the limits of their authority and establishes a framework for democratic governance.