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A patent is a legal right granted to an inventor by the government, allowing them to exclusively make, use, sell, or distribute their invention for a specified period, typically 20 years. It is designed to protect unique creations or processes, ensuring others cannot copy or use the invention without permission. In exchange, the inventor must publicly disclose details about the invention. Patents encourage innovation by rewarding creators for their work while contributing knowledge to society. They apply to various fields, including technology, medicine, and manufacturing, but must meet specific criteria like novelty, usefulness, and originality to be granted.