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The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This fundamental principle, proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the late 18th century, implies that the total mass of reactants before a reaction is equal to the total mass of products after the reaction. In other words, atoms are rearranged, but they are neither lost nor gained during chemical processes. This law is essential in chemistry, as it helps scientists balance chemical equations and understand how substances transform while preserving the overall mass involved in the reaction.