Obtaining permanent residency in Australia from a student visa involves several steps and requirements. Here's a breakdown of the process:

1. Eligibility: To apply for permanent residency, you typically need to have completed a qualifying course in Australia and meet certain criteria such as age, English language proficiency, health, and character requirements.
2. Skilled Migration: One common pathway is through skilled migration. This involves applying for a skilled migration visa, such as the Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) or the Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190). To qualify, you usually need to have relevant skills and experience in an occupation listed on Australia's Skilled Occupation List.
3. Work Experience: Gaining work experience in Australia can also boost your chances of obtaining permanent residency. Some visas require a certain amount of work experience in a skilled occupation in Australia.
4. Points-Based System: Australia uses a points-based system to assess eligibility for skilled migration visas. Points are awarded based on factors such as age, English proficiency, qualifications, work experience, and other criteria.
5. Expression of Interest (EOI): For some skilled migration visas, you may need to submit an Expression of Interest through the SkillSelect system, indicating your interest in migrating to Australia. If you meet the eligibility requirements and score sufficient points, you may be invited to apply for a visa.
6. Nomination: Some skilled migration visas require nomination by a state or territory government, which involves meeting additional criteria specific to the nominating authority.
7. Application Process: Once you receive an invitation to apply, you can submit a visa application online and provide supporting documentation to demonstrate your eligibility.
8. Waiting Period: Processing times for permanent residency applications can vary, so be prepared for a waiting period while your application is being assessed.
9. Conditions and Obligations: As a permanent resident, you'll have certain rights and responsibilities, including the obligation to comply with Australian laws and maintain lawful residency.
10. Consider Professional Advice: Navigating the process of transitioning from a student visa to permanent residency can be complex, so it's advisable to seek advice from a qualified migration agent or immigration lawyer to ensure you understand your options and obligations.

Remember, the process and requirements for obtaining permanent residency in Australia can change over time, so it's essential to refer to the most up-to-date information from the Department of Home Affairs or consult with a professional for personalized guidance.