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Purpose

To resolve disputes between individuals or entities regarding their rights or obligations.

To maintain social order and punish those who violate laws established by the government.

Plaintiff/Prosecution

Plaintiff brings the case against the defendant.

Government, represented by a prosecutor, brings the case against the defendant.

Burden of Proof

Preponderance of the evidence: Plaintiff must prove their case by showing that it is more likely than not that their claims are true.

Beyond a reasonable doubt: The prosecution must prove the defendant's guilt to the extent that there is no reasonable doubt in the minds of the jurors.

Outcome

Typically involves monetary compensation or equitable remedies (e.g., injunctions, specific performance).

Can result in fines, imprisonment, probation, or other forms of punishment.

Resolution

Often settled through negotiation, mediation, or trial in civil court.

Adjudicated in criminal court through trial, where guilt or innocence is determined by a judge or jury.

Parties Involved

Parties involved are typically individuals, businesses, or organizations.

Involves the government as one party and the accused individual or entity as the other.

Examples

Contract disputes, property disputes, personal injury claims, family law matters (e.g., divorce, child custody).

Theft, assault, murder, drug trafficking, DUI (Driving Under the Influence).

Standard of Proof

Based on the balance of probabilities.

Requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Penalties

Compensatory damages, punitive damages, injunctions, or specific performance.

Fines, imprisonment, probation, community service, or death penalty (in some jurisdictions).