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Federation in Australia occurred on January 1, 1901. This pivotal event marked the unification of six separate British colonies—New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania—into a single nation known as the Commonwealth of Australia. The move to federation was driven by the desire for a more cohesive and effective national government, economic benefits, and defense. The process was formalized through the passage of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act by the British Parliament. This act established the federal system of government, dividing powers between the central government and the states, and laid the foundation for modern Australian democracy.